Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amabhizinisi omhlaba wonke asebenzisa izinsimbi ngokuhlanganiswa nokuthengwa, ukuhlushwa kwemboni kuyaqhubeka nokwanda. Uma kuziwa ku-2023, izinzuzo zemboni yezinsimbi ziye zangena esikhathini sokwehla, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwenyuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezithile kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwamanani ensimbi, okuholele ekwehleni kwezinzuzo zezinkampani. Ngokusho kwesimo ngasinye, impilo isibe yisihloko salo nyaka, ukuncishiswa kwephrojekthi ngayinye, ukugxila okulinganiselwe ekwenzeni ngcono inqubo, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-green low-carbon kanye nokukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile. Njengokuguqulwa "kokukhishwa okuphansi kakhulu" kanye namandla "ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokweqile", kanye nokusheshisa ukusungula ubuchwepheshe obuphansi-carbon kanye nokuguqulwa kwedijithali emkhakheni wezimboni.
● Ukuncibilikisa insimbi
1. Izinguquko zokuncibilikisa okusekelwe kukhabhoni ekuncibilikiseni okusekelwe ku-hydrogen
Isiqondiso sokuncibilikisa insimbi nensimbi se-hydrogen metallurgy, kodwa umthombo wamanje we-hydrogen eluhlaza unqunyelwe, ngale nkinga, ekuncibilikiseni i-blast furnace yesikhashana kusetshenziswa i-coke oven gas esikhundleni se-coke njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa, njenge-XIYE Iron kanye ne-Steel hydrogen-based shaft furnace, kanye ne-modular high temperature gas cooled reactor nyukliya nakho kuyaqala. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen kusuka ku-coke oven gas emisebenzini yensimbi.
2. Inqubo emfushane yokuncibilikisa
Ngenxa yengcindezi yokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuncibilikisa ngenqubo emfushane kuzokwandisa isilinganiso. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza insimbi yokunciphisa ukuncibilikisa njengesithando sikagesi.
3. Ukukhiqiza ngokubambisana okunomoya opholile
Sekuyisikhathi eside, enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa igesi ephuma kumkhiqizo wensimbi ukushisa komlilo. Nakuba lezi zisebenzisa amandla okushisa egesi, inani lazo alikabonakali ngokugcwele. Igesi iqukethe izilinganiso ezahlukene zezingxenye ze-H2 ne-CO, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ukukhiqiza i-LNG, i-ethanol, i-ethylene glycol, njll., kunezinzuzo ezinhle kwezomnotho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemboni yamakhemikhali amalahle ukukhiqiza i-CO ne-H2 bese kukhiqiza i-LNG, i-ethanol, i-ethylene glycol, inenzuzo enkulu yezindleko.
Ngesidingo sokunciphisa ikhabhoni, amaphrojekthi afana nokukhishwa kwe-CO2 kanye nokuqina kwayo alethe izindaba ezinhle. Emabhizinisini ensimbi, njengegesi ye-lime kiln flue kanye negesi ye-boiler flue enokuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-CO2. I-CO2 ingasetshenziswa ekuncibilikiseni insimbi, ekucindezelweni kothuli, ekuthuthweni kwe-cold chain, embonini yokudla, njll., isidingo semakethe sikhulu, kanti imboni yensimbi inenzuzo yayo yezindleko. Amaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic angaletha izinkomba ezithile zekhabhoni emabhizinisini, futhi imishini eminingi yensimbi nayo yakha amaphrojekthi e-photovoltaic, kodwa ukuthi umehluko emananini kagesi ungaletha izinzuzo emabhizinisini nakho kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokuthi iphrojekthi ingafika yini.
4. Ubuhlakani bensimbi
Imakethe yensimbi izosheshisa kakhulu ijubane lokuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi embonini yensimbi, futhi isheshise inqubo yokwenza izinto zibe zedijithali kanye nobuhlakani. Isikhungo sokulawula esiphakathi, indawo yokugcina impahla engenamuntu, ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwerobhothi, ukuhlolwa, ukusampula kuzoba kuningi kakhulu.
Ngokukhishwa nokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezahlukene zikazwelonke ze-dual-carbon, amabhizinisi angaphansi embonini yensimbi anesidingo esikhulayo sedatha yokuhlola yonke imijikelezo yokuphila yemikhiqizo ethengiwe, kanti ukuhlolwa kwemijikelezo yokuphila kwemikhiqizo yensimbi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-carbon footprint okusekelwe kuyo kube umsebenzi obalulekile ku-ukuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza kanye nokungakhiqizi ikhabhoni ephansi embonini yensimbi kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende angaphansi komfula. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wokuphila komkhiqizo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuzivumelanisa nentuthuko kazwelonke eluhlaza, engaphansi kwekhabhoni ephansi kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, ukukhuthaza ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni kwamabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi kanye nokuthuthukisa ithonya lomkhiqizo.
● Ukonga amandla ensimbi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo
1. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha ngokweqile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla esibili
Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla embonini yensimbi kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imishini emisha ithuthukisiwe, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuncishisiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubuyiselwa kwamandla okugcina, ukushisa kweyunithi yokubuyiselwa kokunambitheka okuphezulu nokuphakathi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ukushisa okuphansi nakho kuyabuyiswa ngokulandelana, futhi ukushisa kungasetshenziswa ngezinyathelo. Amandla anenani eliphezulu lama-calorie asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi noma ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, kanti amandla anenani eliphansi lama-calorie asetshenziselwa ukushisa izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni ezizungezile, ukufuya izinhlanzi nokunye. Ukuhlanganiswa kokukhiqizwa kwensimbi kanye nendlela yokuphila yabantu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwamabhizinisi, kodwa futhi kuthatha indawo yama-boiler amancane futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kanye ne-carbon.
1. 1 Uhlelo lwesithando sikagesi
Uhlelo lokupholisa oluphelele lokuhwamuka, esikhundleni sengxenye yokuqala yombhobho wokupholisa amanzi, luthuthukisa kakhulu ukubuyiswa kwensimbi ngamathani amaningi. Ngokomkhuba wephrojekthi, ithani eliphezulu lokubuyiswa kwensimbi lingafinyelela ku-300kg/t yensimbi, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu kokubuyiswa kokuqala.
1.2 Isiguquli
Inqubo eyinhloko yokuhlanza igesi yoketshezi ye-converter ngokuvamile isebenzisa indlela yokomisa. Ngaphansi kwenqubo yokomisa ekhona, ukushisa okusele okuvela emehluko wokushisa ongu-1000℃-300℃ akutholakali. Njengamanje, amasethi amaningana kuphela emishini yokuhlola esebenza isikhathi esifushane.
1.3 Isithando somlilo
Ukubuyiselwa okuphelele kwegesi yomlilo nefurnace kungatholakala ngokubuyiselwa kwegesi yokulinganisa ingcindezi kanye negesi yokuqhuma. Njengamanje, izitofu eziningi zomlilo azicabangi ukubuyiselwa, noma ukubuyiselwa okuncane kuphela.
1.4 Ukuhlanza
Phinda usebenzise ukushisa okulahliwe okuvela engxenyeni yokushisa okuphezulu yesibandisi sendandatho ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi; Amanzi ashisayo angakhiqizwa ukuze kucutshungulwe noma kufudunyezwe ngemva kokubuyiselwa kokushisa okulahliwe engxenyeni yokushisa ephakathi nendawo yokushisa okuphansi kwesibandisi sendandatho; Ukugeleza kwegesi yomoya oshisayo kuvame ukujikeleza kwangaphakathi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ifeni yokujikeleza komfutho ophezulu, ifeni yomoya omusha kanye nemishini kagesi esekelayo.
Ukushisa okukhulu kwemfucuza yoketshezi, ukushisa kwemfucuza yokupholisa indandatho ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla, kodwa futhi kusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhudula kabili kagesi ukushayela ifeni eliyinhloko lokukhipha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa komusi, ukunciphisa isixhumanisi sokuguqulwa, ukuthuthukisa izinzuzo zomnotho.
1.5 Ukupheka
Ngaphezu kwe-coke yokucima ukoma yendabuko, kusetshenziswe i-ammonia yokujikeleza kwe-coke, i-cooler eyinhloko, ukushisa okulahlwayo, ukushisa okulahlwayo kwepayipi elikhuphukayo, ukushisa okulahlwayo kwegesi yomoya.
1.6 Ukugoqa Insimbi
Ukusetshenziswa kokushisa okulahliwe okuvela kugesi yomoya ophumayo wesithando sokushisa esigoqekayo sensimbi kanye nesithando sokwelapha ukushisa. Ukushisa kungumthombo wokushisa osezingeni eliphansi, futhi izidingo zokushisa zokugcina i-desulfurization zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamanzi ashisayo.
2. Umqondo wokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokukhishwa okuphansi kakhulu ugxile kakhulu ezinhliziyweni zabantu
2. 1 Ukusebenza kwemvelo kwesitshalo ngasinye sensimbi kungu-A
Ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi ekuvikelweni kwemvelo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa okuvamile, izinkampani eziningi zensimbi zasenyakatho seziqedile ukushaya u-A, noma ngabe izinkampani zensimbi zasenyakatho ezingakaqedi ukushaya u-A, kunenqwaba yamabhizinisi ensimbi aseningizimu, nawo asebenza kulokhu. Imisebenzi eyinhloko izikhungo zokususa uthuli, izindawo zokususa i-sulfurization kanye ne-denitrification, izinto ezifakwa endaweni yokugcina impahla, ukunciphisa ukufika, izindawo zokukhiqiza uthuli ezivaliwe, ukucindezela uthuli njalo njalo.
2.2 Imboni ye-carbon, i-aluminium ye-electrolytic
I-carbon, imboni ye-aluminium ye-electrolytic izikweletu zokuvikela imvelo, i-aluminium, i-aluminium yezintaba kanye nezinye izinkampani zisekusebenzeni kwemvelo komsebenzi we-A.
2.3 Ukwelashwa kwemfucuza emithathu
Izidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo imfucuza eqinile ayishiyi ifektri, amanzi angcolile ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhizinisi ensimbi nensimbi omile futhi acindezele izithako, futhi ukukhishwa nokulahla imfucuza kokugcina kuyahambisana. Imakethe idinga izinqubo ezintsha nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha igesi engcolile, imfucuza eqinile equkethe ikhabhoni, insimbi, imfucuza eyingozi, ukungcola komhlabathi kanye namanzi angcolile e-phenol cyanide, amanzi anosawoti agxilile kanye namanzi angcolile abandayo.
2.4 Ukuhlanzwa kwegesi
Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezidingo zokuvikela imvelo, igesi ephinde yasetshenziswa ingaqoqwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kuphinde kubekwe izidingo ezintsha zekhwalithi yegesi. Inqubo yokuhlanza yendabuko yegesi ye-coke oven kanye negesi ye-blast furnace ibheka ukususwa kothuli kanye ne-inorganic sulphur, futhi manje idinga ukususwa kwe-organic sulphur. Imakethe idinga izinqubo ezintsha kanye nemishini emisha yalesi sidingo.
2.5 Ubuchwepheshe bokushisa obucebile nge-oksijini, ukushisa kwe-oksijini okumsulwa
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo futhi kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwegesi, kusetshenziswa ukushiswa komoya-mpilo okucebile noma okumsulwa esithandweni sokushisa, kuhhavini kanye nasebhoyileni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-13-2023